EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Autumn 2018

The survey charted the values and attitudes of Finnish people. The main themes of the autumn 2018 survey included social services reformation, immigration, trust in different actors in Finnish society, recent societal changes, security and Finland's foreign policy. First, the respondents were presented with attitudinal statements regarding different spheres of society, for instance, public services, immigration, the Finnish workforce, NATO membership, Russia and the United States, climate policy, the functionality of democracy, and whether politicians care about ordinary people's lives and opinions. As regards reforming social services and welfare, respondents' opinions were charted on, for instance, the gratuitousness of welfare, basic security, universal basic income, and the funding and level of social benefits. Views on immigration were charted with attitudinal statements regarding, for instance, strictness of Finnish policy on aliens, social benefits received by immigrants, increased crime due to immigrants, and immigration as an aid to shortage of workforce. Next, the respondents' views were examined on equality and their own position in Finnish society (e.g. in occupational life, as a taxpayer, in the eyes of authorities). Their trust in different types of actors in society was also charted (e.g. Parliament, church, judicial system, police, enterprises, banks, social media, Wikipedia, the market economy, newspaper press, Google). In addition, the respondents were asked to estimate whether Finland had changed positively or negatively in the previous 10 years in different areas (e.g. Finland's position in Europe, democracy, disparity in income and well-being, standard of education, social security). The next questions charted the respondents' views on the severity of different threats, e.g. armed attack against Finland, cyber attacks, terrorist attack, financial crisis, foreign efforts to interfere with Finnish elections, global warming, pandemic diseases, being a victim of violence. The respondents were asked to evaluate how well different actors (e.g. president, prime minister, foreign minister, the current Government) had handled foreign policy. Finally, the respondents' views on Finland's EU membership and the Euro were examined as well as how the respondents would vote if a referendum were held on Finland's EU membership. Background variables included gender, age group, type of municipality of residence, region of residence, education level, economic activity and occupational status, type of employer, occupational sector, type of contract, political party preference (which party R would vote for if parliamentary elections were held at the time of the survey), federation of trade unions membership, and self-perceived social class.

本调查描绘了芬兰民众的价值观念及社会态度。2018年秋季调查的主要主题涵盖了社会服务改革、移民问题、芬兰社会中不同角色的信任度、近期社会变迁、安全议题以及芬兰的外交政策。首先，受访者被要求对社会的不同领域提出态度陈述，例如公共服务、移民、芬兰劳动力、北约成员国身份、俄罗斯及美国、气候政策、民主功能的运作，以及政治家是否关心普通民众的生活和意见。在关于社会服务与福利改革方面，受访者的观点被记录在诸如福利的无偿性、基本安全保障、普遍基本收入、以及社会福利的资助水平和水平等方面。关于移民问题的观点通过诸如芬兰对异国人的政策严格性、移民所获得的社会福利、移民导致的犯罪增加、以及移民对劳动力短缺的补充等方面进行评估。接下来，调查考察了受访者对平等及其在芬兰社会中的地位（例如，职业生活、作为纳税人、在当局眼中的地位）的看法。同时，受访者对不同社会角色的信任度也被记录（例如，议会、教会、司法系统、警察、企业、银行、社交媒体、维基百科、市场经济、新闻媒体、谷歌）。此外，受访者还被要求估计芬兰在过去十年中在各个领域的正面或负面变化（例如，芬兰在欧洲的地位、民主、收入和福祉的不平等、教育水平、社会保障）。接下来，调查探讨了受访者对不同威胁严重性的看法，例如对芬兰的武装攻击、网络攻击、恐怖袭击、金融危机、外国干涉芬兰选举的努力、全球变暖、流行病、暴力受害者。受访者还被要求评估不同角色（例如，总统、总理、外交部长、现任政府）在处理外交政策方面的表现。最后，调查还考察了受访者对芬兰欧盟成员资格和欧元的看法，以及如果举行关于芬兰欧盟成员资格的公投，受访者将如何投票。背景变量包括性别、年龄组、居住地类型、居住地区、教育水平、经济活动、职业状况、雇主类型、职业领域、合同类型、政党偏好（如果在调查时举行议会选举，受访者将投票给哪个政党）、工会联合会会员资格、以及自我感知的社会阶层。