A spatially rich, temporally coherent soil spectral dataset for soil organic carbon estimation

The dataset is provided as a single Microsoft Excel file containing geographic information, laboratory-measured SOC content, and pre-processed NIR reflectance spectra spanning wavelengths of 1,400–2,500 nm. The dataset includes data from 1,500 topsoil samples (0–15 cm) collected in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, during 2024. SOC sheet: This sheet contains measured SOC contents (mSOC, %) determined using an elemental analyzer (n = 712). Additionally, it includes sample-level metadata such as sampling number (1–1500), region, latitude and longitude, land cover type, altitude (m), and the year and month of soil sampling. NIR sheet: This sheet provides raw NIR, Savitzky–Golay smoothed NIR reflectance spectra. Each row represents one sample, with spectral reflectance values at 1 nm intervals from 1,400 to 2,500 nm (totaling 1,101 spectral bands), following the sample number column.