Liangying Qingqi decoction prevented radiation induced oropharyngeal mucositis through focal adhesion signalling pathway

Radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis (ROM) is a common complication in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, affecting more than 80% cases and often causing treatment interruptions. Existing treatments offer inconsistent efficacy. Liangying Qingqi Decoction (LYQQ), rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown potential in managing ROM, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In a rat model subjected to 25 Gy X-ray irradiation, the effects of LYQQ were assessed using histology, immunohistochemistry, and weight monitoring. Mass spectrometry identified its active compounds, while transcriptome sequencing and further validation (qPCR, Western blot) explored its molecular mechanisms. LYQQ treatment alleviated mucosal damage and weight loss, with reduced expression of inflammatory markers (iNOS, IFNAR2). Transcriptome analysis highlighted LYQQ’s impact on cell adhesion pathways, with downregulation of focal adhesion-related proteins (CD31, CD62P, VCAM1, FAK, JNK). These findings highlight LYQQ’s potential as a therapeutic agent for ROM and underscore the role of cell adhesion pathways in radiation-induced mucosal injury.