A phytosociological analysis of the <i>Olea europaea</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i> (Mill.) Lehr. forests in Sicily

This paper presents a phytosociological study on the forest vegetation of <i>Olea europaea</i> var. <i>sylvestris</i> of Sicily and of the smaller minor islands. In Sicily, Oleaster formations show considerable climacic potentiality in the bioclimactic belts between the infra- and the thermomediterranean with single edapho-climacic penetrations that are also in the mesomediterranean; however, these were largely destroyed by man in order to make room for crops. Furthermore, the residual expressions of the Oleaster forests are limited, and often exist as regenerated woodland made possible by the abandonment of agricultural land; they are often small forest nuclei – high maquis, woods and micro-woods – with a more or less discontinuous distribution within the agricultural landscape. The fieldwork is supported by 120 phytosociological surveys carried out in various areas of Sicily, which were statistically analyzed and compared with other published data from surveys of other communities that have been described for the Tyrrhenian (Sardinia and Corsica) and Balearic Islands up until now. The phytosociological and statistical analysis has led to the description of three new associations two of which are classified in the <i>Oleo-Ceratonion</i> alliance (<i>Ruto chalepensis-Oleetum sylvestris</i> and <i>Chamaeropo humilis-Oleetum sylvestris</i>), the third in the <i>Erico-Quercion ilicis</i> alliance (<i>Calicotomo infestae-Oleetum sylvestris</i>).本论文针对西西里岛及周边小型离岛的野油橄榄（*Olea europaea* var. *sylvestris*）林植被开展植物社会学研究。在西西里岛，野油橄榄群落在下地中海与热地中海之间的生物气候带中展现出显著的顶极发育潜力，且存在少量深入至中地中海带的土壤-气候复合渗透现象；然而这类群落多因人类开垦农田而遭到大规模破坏。此外，野油橄榄林的残存群落规模有限，且多因农用地撂荒得以恢复形成次生林，通常以小型林块——高马基灌丛、成片林地及微型林地——的形式存在，在农业景观中呈现出或多或少的断续分布格局。本次野外工作依托于在西西里岛多个区域开展的120项植物社会学样方调查，研究团队对采集数据进行了统计分析，并与迄今为止已发表的第勒尼安海区域（撒丁岛与科西嘉岛）及巴利阿里群岛的同类群落调查数据进行了对比。通过植物社会学与统计学联合分析，本研究共描述了3个全新群丛：其中2个归入<Oleo-Ceratonion>群丛联盟（即<Ruto chalepensis-Oleetum sylvestris>与<Chamaeropo humilis-Oleetum sylvestris>），第3个归入<Erico-Quercion ilicis>群丛联盟（即<Calicotomo infestae-Oleetum sylvestris>）。