Supplementary data for "Smart Growhouse: Low Cost Prototype for Automated Farming System Based Internet of Things"

The increasing demand for food in urban areas, coupled with unsustainable conventional agricultural practices and limited land, drives the development of urban agriculture as a major challenge. Vertical farming that utilizes technology and automation has emerged as a potential solution to increase production with more efficient land use. This study developed a device that uses an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart farming system for small-scale urban agriculture called Smart Growhouse. This device is able to monitor and control agro-climate parameters, such as temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity, to create an optimal agricultural environment. Smart Growhouse uses DS18B20, YL-69, and BH1750 sensors, as well as actuators in the form of DC fans, DC pumps, and stepper motors, which are controlled by the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. This system regulates cooling, irrigation scheduling, and the use of shade automatically according to plant needs. Monitoring is carried out in real-time and remotely through the Blynk application. With high accuracy and precision, Smart Growhouse has proven effective in creating an agricultural environment that supports optimal plant growth