Data set.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has gradually been considered to associate with cancer development and progression. This study aimed to explore the associations of serological indicators of HBV infection with mortality risk among cancer survivors and further validated using a gastric cancer (GC) cohort from China, where HBV infection is endemic. National Center for Health Statistics’ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used in this study. Individuals with positive results of hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were considered to have current or past HBV infection. Serological indicators were positive only for hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs), indicating vaccine-induced immunity, whereas negativity for all serologic indicators was considered to indicate the absence of HBV infection and immunity to HBV. The GC cohort included patients from the First Hospital of Jilin University, China. The median follow-up time of the NHANES was 10 years; during the follow-up, 1505 deaths occurred. The results revealed that anti-HBs-positive cancer survivors had a 39% reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.85). Men and individuals aged <65 years old with past exposure to HBV had higher mortality risk (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09–2.13; HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.13–3.83). In this GC cohort, individuals who were only anti-HBs-positive showed a reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.95). Thus, anti-HBs positivity was a significant factor of decreased mortality among cancer survivors. More rigorous surveillance is necessary for cancer survivors with anti-HBc positivity, particularly men, and younger individuals.