Decomposition of effect of cluster-mean centered self-included model (2a) and its re-parameterized form (2b).

aAs explained in the main text, yij is an observed outcome of individual i in group j, xij is an individual-level social capital score of individual i in group j, = is the mean of social capital scores of all individuals in group j, nj is the size of the group j, and = is the mean of social capital scores of all individuals (excluding individual i) in group j.bThis effect is also known as between-cluster effect.cThis effect is also known as within-cluster effect.