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Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808), also known as the cotton bollworm, is a significant agricultural pest that impacts crops worldwide. This study explores the effects of global warming on the biological traits of this pest, with a particular focus on how temperature influences its development and reproduction. By analyzing data from 26 studies, we found that moderate temperature increases generally enhance the growth and reproductive rates of H. armigera. However, when temperatures exceed 35 °C, its survival and reproductive capacity begin to decline. Our findings indicate that, under climate change, moderate warming may boost the pest’s adaptability and amplify its threat to agriculture, whereas extreme heat could limit its spread. These insights are crucial for developing effective pest management strategies in a warming world.