Recent advances in non-coding RNA-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway regulation involved in triple-negative breast cancer pathogenesis and progression

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high invasion and metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality, making it the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Currently, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic targets for TNBC. Aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is prevalent in TNBC, leading to increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and poor prognosis. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), are involved in a variety of biological processes and can be used as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of TNBC. This article reviews some important miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and their targets and molecular mechanisms that regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TNBC, hoping to open up new avenues for the research of TNBC and ultimately promote the development of precise and effective treatments for TNBC.