Annual Agricultural Survey 2019 - Uganda

Abstract
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The AAS is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making.

Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each season, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the Post-Planting (PP) period and the Post-Harvesting (PH) period. This results in a total of four visits during the agricultural year.

Among information collected with the AAS there is data on:
- The quantity and value of agricultural production;
- The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility;
- Livestock keeping and animal products production;
- The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members.

The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2019, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2019 Report (see external resources/downloads section).

Geographic coverage
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The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS:

1) Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo;
2) Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa;
3) Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa;
4) Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro;
5) Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo;
6) Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu;
7) Nabuin: districts included are Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Kotido, Napak, Amudat, Kaabong and Abim;
8) Serere: districts included are Serere, Kumi, Bukedea Amuria, Ngora, Katakwi, Soroti and Kaberamaido;
9) Mbarara: districts included are Mbarara, Ntungamo, Bushenyi, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Sheema, Rubirizi, Mitoma,
Isingiro,Ibanda, Buhweju, Sembabule, and Rakai;
10) Rwebitaba: districts included are Bundubugyo, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo and Ntoroko.
Being an urban area, Kampala has been excluded from the survey. Also Ntoroko district was not included in the sample.

Analysis unit
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Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe
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Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2019. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries.

Sample size
The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The AAS 2019 implemented two main questionnaires i.e. the Post-Planting, and Post-harvesting questionnaires. For each season, agricultural households are interviewed twice: during the post-planting and the post-harvesting visit. The questionnaire used during the post-planting season is called "Form 4 - Crop Area Module" and collects information on:

1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics;
2) Agricultural enterprises undertaken by the household in the current agricultural season;
3) Land use (Parcel and plots used by the agricultural households) i.e. Access to land, land use rights, decision making, land area, seed/seedlings utilization, etc. The main objective of this questionnaire is to estimate land areas for crops planted. This is done combining objective measurement (i.e., GPS) on plots and parcels and then collecting the share of land area covered by each crop on each plot (based on farmer's assessment). In addition, the questionnaire collects information on land tenure and use of agricultural inputs. This questionnaire contains a roster of household members, a roster of parcels, a roster of plots for each parcel and a list of crops by plot.

The questionnaire used for the post-harvesting visit is called "Form 52- Crop Production, Household and Holding Characteristics Module" and collects information on:

1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics (only for new household members)
2) Crop production and disposals
3) Use of agricultural inputs for crop production
4) Cost of labour used for crop production
5) Labour input used on the agricultural household
6) Animal raised on the holding
7) Inputs used for livestock production
8) Livestock production and dispositions
9) Access to agricultural information
10) Access to means of transportation
11) Access to storage facilities
12) Access to agricultural credit
13) Fixed costs of the agricultural household
14) Shocks and food security of the agricultural household
15) Access to extension services
16) Land disputes

Information 1-5 are collected in both first and second season while 6-16 is asked during the second season only. The main objective of this questionnaire is to collect data on crops harvested by agricultural households, based on farm declarations. In addition, the questionnaire collects information concerning the disposition of crops, labour input and use of inputs such as chemicals. Furthermore, it aims to collect livestock capital, animal production and inputs over a 12- month reference period, thus covering the entire agricultural year. The post-harvesting questionnaire also collects information concerning household and holding characteristics, such as access to market and agricultural information, household food security, shocks and their impact on food security etc.

Cleaning operations
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Supervision

Data collection for the AAS 2019 was performed by 15 teams constituted by, on average, three enumerators and 1 supervisor. After recruitment, both supervisors and enumerators received two trainings, one on the post-planting (PP) and one on the post-harvesting (PH) questionnaires. During these trainings, the CAPI PP and PH applications to be used for data collection were tested and refined. During the data collection stage, after completing a CAPI interview, enumerators submitted the electronic interview to their supervisors through Survey Solutions. Then, Supervisor checked the quality of data collected and decided on whether accepting or rejecting the completed case. When a supervisor rejected an interview, the interview was sent back to the interviewer tablet in order to be corrected as requested. On the other hand, when the supervisor accepted an interview, this
was sent to the headquarter for final validation. This process continued until the quality of collected data was considered as satisfactory.

Response rate
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The response rate was about the 84%.

Sampling error estimates
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The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2019 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.

摘要
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AAS（乌干达农业绩效调查）是一项综合模块化调查，旨在提供高质量和及时的数据，以反映乌干达农业部门的表现，以及与农作物和畜牧业相关的核心指标，以促进农业政策的制定。
数据收集分为两个阶段，分别对应乌干达农业年度的第一季度（一月至六月）和第二季度（七月至十二月）。对于每个季度，调查样本中的家庭将在种植后（PP）期和收获后（PH）期各接受两次访谈。这导致在整个农业年度内共进行四次访问。
在AAS收集的信息中包括以下内容：
- 农业生产的数量和价值；
- 对推广服务、市场信息和农业设施的可及性；
- 畜牧业和动物产品生产；
- 农业家庭成员的社会人口特征。
收集的数据用于生成一系列表格和指标，以追踪和评估政府和发展项目对农业的影响，并计算与粮食和农业相关的可持续发展目标（SDG）和非洲农业发展伙伴关系（CAADP）指标。有关AAS 2019的主要发现，请参阅AAS 2019报告的执行摘要（见外部资源/下载部分）。
地理覆盖范围
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AAS是一项在区域、次区域和地方级具有代表性的国家调查。乌干达领土已被划分为10个ZARDIs，与10个农业生态区相对应。每个农业生态区包括具有相似气候、土地利用和作物模式的地区。以下是AAS考虑的10个Zardis：
（此处省略具体地区信息，格式保持不变）
分析单元
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农业家庭（即家庭部门中的农业经营单位）
总体
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农业家庭（即家庭部门中的农业经营单位）
数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]
抽样程序
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AAS 2019采用了两阶段抽样设计。为了提高样本设计的效率，抽样框架被分层为10个ZARDIs。在每个层中，第一阶段是选择主要抽样单位（PSU），即EA（调查员区域），第二阶段是选择次级抽样单位（SSU），即农业家庭HH。调查涵盖了种植作物和/或饲养牲畜的家庭，包括仅种植少量作物或饲养有限数量动物的家庭。没有设定关于耕种土地数量或饲养动物数量的最低阈值，调查也不旨在生成有关水产养殖、林业和渔业的估计。
样本量
调查产生了全国、区域和次区域级别的估计。从每个EA中选择了593个EA和平均12个农业家庭HH。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈[capi]
研究工具
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AAS 2019实施了两个主要问卷，即种植后和收获后问卷。对于每个季节，农业家庭在种植后和收获后访问期间各接受两次访谈。种植后季节使用的问卷称为“表4 - 作物面积模块”，收集以下信息：
（此处省略具体信息，格式保持不变）
清理操作
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监督
数据收集
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AAS 2019的数据收集由由平均三名调查员和一名监督员组成的15个团队执行。在招募后，监督员和调查员都接受了两次培训，一次是关于种植后（PP）问卷，一次是关于收获后（PH）问卷。在这些培训中，用于数据收集的CAPI PP和PH应用程序被测试和改进。在数据收集阶段，完成CAPI访谈后，调查员通过Survey Solutions将电子访谈提交给他们的监督员。然后，监督员检查收集数据的质量，并决定是否接受或拒绝完成的案例。当一个监督员拒绝访谈时，访谈被发送回调查员平板电脑，以便根据要求进行纠正。另一方面，当一个监督员接受访谈时，该访谈被发送到总部进行最终验证。这个过程一直持续到收集到的数据质量被认为是可以接受的。
应答率
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应答率约为84%。
抽样误差估计
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调查结果的准确性取决于抽样和非抽样误差。AAS 2019拥有足够大且具有代表性的样本，以限制抽样误差。另一方面，非抽样误差，通常在数据收集过程中出现，通过数据收集者的彻底培训、总部团队的现场监督以及完善的CAPI程序得到控制。在国家、ZARDI和次区域级别选择的指标的变化系数（CVs）和置信区间（CIs）在附件表中呈现。