Census of Agriculture, 2012-2014 - Togo

Abstract
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This agricultural census took place in 2012. The execution of this project is conferred to the Agricultural Statistic Service (DSID) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery. The project execution personnel include the department of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Institute of Statistic. These personnel are divided into two committees: the national committee in charge of financial and monitoring aspects of the project, and the technical committee in charge of technical execution of the project.The 2012 census of agriculture will be completed with a current survey programme based on a sample of 2000 agricultural holdings. Agricultural information will be collected through a set of six questionnaires developed for the circumstance. This set of questionnaires includes:

- Livestock questionnaire
- Agricultural holdings and plots cultivated questionnaire
- Crops harvested questionnaire
- Crops yields questionnaire
- Price received by agricultural producers questionnaire
- Pluviometric information questionnaire

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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The statistical unit is the agricultural holding, defined as an economic unit of agricultural production comprising all livestock kept and all land wholly or partially used by one or more persons, for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title or size, and is subject to a single management. The CA 2012-2014 covered only the agricultural holdings in the household sector ("agricultural households"). An agricultural household is a household in which one or more members are involved in own-account agricultural production.

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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i. Survey design
Core census module data collection has been carried out through complete enumeration while the 2012 agricultural census is carried out by sample enumeration.

ii. Stratification - agricultural census survey
A survey design at two degrees was applied. The stratum at first degree is formed by the administrative divisions of the country including a total of 35 prefectures and one under prefecture. At secondary degree, a stratification has been operated among the agricultural holdings according to agricultural activity practiced (agriculture alone, agriculture and breeding, breeding alone) in the concern to reduce sampling error. The primary units (PU) are the enumeration areas (EA) derived from the 2010 Population Census drawn with probability proportional to their population size (Random replicated selection). The secondary units (SU) are the agricultural holdings drawn with equal probability at the rate of 6 holdings per PU. The complete list of all PU (2 000 PU and 9 000 agricultural holdings) derived from the pre census data. The distribution of the sample of the PU within the prefectures is proportional to the size (population) of the prefecture. In order to avoid small sizes, the minimum weight of primary units is fixed at 25 PU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The CA used seven questionnaires: one for the core module and six for the supplementary module and thematic surveys. The main module included:

1. Agricultural holding questionnaire:

- Gender of the head of the family
- His marital status
- Level of education
- Size of the family (number of men and women)
- Agricultural activities practiced by members of the family
- Non agricultural activities practicedby members of the family
- Number of agricultural actives (men and women) on the holdings
- Number of plots cultivated
- Presence of irrigation
- Temporary crops planted (cereals, tubers and leguminous plants)
- Tree crops (coffee, cocoa, cotton, Palme oil tree etc)
- Fruit trees
- Livestock (cattle, goat, sheep, pigs and poultry)
- Silviculture (number of plots)
- Practice of fishery
- Number of agricultural materials
- Number of persons in the holding having a bank account (men and women)
- Area cultivated ( declaration)

2. Community data questionnaire:

- Infrastructures
- Natural resources of the village
- Forestry site of the village
- Cost of land
- Social and economic organization of the village
- Localization and identification of herds
- Market garden
- Localization and identification of piscicultural ponds
- Main difficulties connected to agricultural production
- Livestock and market selling

In addition, the rural community survey questionnaire was used for community-level data collection. The CA questionnaires covered 15 of the 16 core items recommended for the WCA 2010 round. The core item "Legal status of agricultural holder" was not covered by the CA.

Cleaning operations
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1. DATA ENTRY ORGANIZATION
Data capture operations was at first organized on 15 Micro computers and then on 40 at the headquarters of DSID. The capture was done through CSPro package and data processing through SPSS. A total of 60 data keying operators have been deployed for the pre census data, including the basic module and the community data. This number of data capture operators has been brought to 170 for the complementary module. In the concern to lighten files balancing, control programmes have been incorporated at different levels of data capture programme, including:

• exhaustiveness control consisting of units checking (enumeration zones, holdings, plots yields, etc) are incorporated
• likelihood control ensuring data captured within the likely intervals
• consistency control

2. TABULATION
Main objectives of data tabulation are to provide complete characteristics of the Togolese agriculture through the census. Most important cross tabulations are developed on:

• Agricultural household
• Housing
• Total and active population
• Crops Land occupation
• Livestock
• Agricultural materials and equipment
• Motorized materials using
• Labor force
• Dependence and agricultural credits
• Yields and destination of the agricultural production

3. DATA QUALITY
The layout of the 2012 agricultural census from the stage of the technical preparation, with a sample drawing procedure minimizing sampling error, to the implementation stage, characterized by reinforced monitoring and counter surveys have permitted to improve results quality.

摘要
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此次农业普查于2012年进行。该项目的执行由农业部、畜牧业和渔业部的农业统计服务局（DSID）负责。项目执行人员包括农业部部门和国家统计局。这些人员分为两个委员会：负责项目财务和监督方面的国家级委员会，以及负责项目技术执行的技
术级委员会。2012年农业普查将通过基于2000个农业经营主体的抽样调查的现行调查方案来完成。将通过为特定情境设计的六份问卷收集农业信息。该套问卷包括：

- 牲畜问卷
- 农业经营主体和耕种地块问卷
- 收获作物问卷
- 作物产量问卷
- 农业生产者所获价格问卷
- 降水量信息问卷

地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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家庭
总体
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统计单元为农业经营主体，定义为包含所有牲畜和由一人或多人全部或部分用于农业生产的土地的经济生产单位，不考虑所有权或规模，并受单一管理。2012-2014年农业普查仅覆盖家庭部门的农业经营主体（“农业家庭”）。农业家庭是指其中一名或多名成员参与自营农业生产的家庭。
数据类型
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普查/登记数据 [cen]
抽样程序
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i. 调查设计
核心普查模块数据收集已通过全面登记进行，而2012年农业普查则通过抽样登记进行。
ii. 分层 - 农业普查调查
应用了两级调查设计。一级分层由国家的行政区域组成，包括总共35个省份和1个副省级。在二级分层中，根据关注区域所进行的农业活动（单独农业、农业和养殖、单独养殖）对农业经营主体进行了分层，以降低抽样误差。基本单元（PU）是由2010年人口普查中根据其人口规模（人口）以概率比例抽取的普查区（EA）。次级单元（SU）是以每PU 6个经营主体的概率均匀抽取的农业经营主体。所有PU（2,000个PU和9,000个农业经营主体）的完整清单均来自普查前的数据。PU样本在省份内的分布与省份规模（人口）成比例。为了避免规模过小，一级单元的最小权重被固定为25个PU。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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CA使用了七个问卷：一个用于核心模块，六个用于补充模块和专题调查。主要模块包括：

1. 农业经营主体问卷：
- 家庭户主性别
- 婚姻状况
- 教育水平
- 家庭规模（男女人数）
- 家庭成员所从事的农业活动
- 家庭成员所从事的非农业活动
- 经营主体上的农业活动人数（男女）
- 耕种地块数量
- 灌溉设施的存在
- 暂时性作物种植（谷物、块茎和豆科植物）
- 树木作物（咖啡、可可、棉花、棕榈油树等）
- 水果树
- 牲畜（牛、山羊、绵羊、猪和家禽）
- 森林培育（地块数量）
- 渔业活动
- 农业材料数量
- 经营主体上有银行账户的人数（男女）
- 耕地面积（申报）

2. 社区数据问卷：
- 基础设施
- 村庄自然资源
- 村庄森林用地
- 土地成本
- 村庄的社会和经济组织
- 群落定位和识别
- 市场园艺
- 水产养殖池塘定位和识别
- 与农业生产相关的主要困难
- 牲畜和市场销售

此外，还使用了农村社区调查问卷进行社区层面的数据收集。CA问卷涵盖了2010年世界农业普查（WCA 2010）推荐的16个核心项目中的15个。CA未涵盖的核心项目“农业经营主体的法律地位”。
数据清洗操作
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1. 数据录入组织
最初在15台微型计算机上组织了数据采集操作，然后在DSID总部增加到40台。通过CSPro软件包进行数据采集，通过SPSS进行数据处理。为普查前的数据（包括基本模块和社区数据）部署了60名数据录入操作员。补充模块的数据录入操作员增加到170名。为了减轻文件平衡，不同级别的数据采集程序中纳入了控制程序，包括：
• 完整性控制，包括单位检查（普查区、经营主体、地块产量等）
• 可能性控制，确保在可能的区间内捕获数据
• 一致性控制

2. 制表
数据制表的主要目标是通过对普查的执行，全面提供多哥农业的特征。最重要的交叉制表包括：
• 农业家庭
• 住房
• 总人口和活跃人口
• 作物土地占用
• 牲畜
• 农业材料和设备
• 机动材料使用
• 劳动力
• 依赖性和农业信贷
• 农业生产产量和去向

3. 数据质量
从技术准备阶段到实施阶段，2012年农业普查的布局，通过抽样程序最大限度地减少抽样误差，以及通过加强监督和反向调查的实施，都有助于提高结果质量。