All Data.csv

It seems to be common sense that decreasing the pore size of a mesh surface thereby enhancing the capillary pressure resisting the liquid penetration, is the only way to suppress its penetration. Here, we demonstrate that a macro-ridge decorated on a mesh increases its droplet dynamic pressure threshold for liquid penetration by up to 130%. This phenomenon is attributed to the symmetry and synchronicity break of the flow-focusing process on the retraction stage of droplets. Based on multiple flow-focusing events of split liquid films at different sites that take place synchronically and independently, analyses are conducted to capture the timescale, magnitude, and resultant pressure of the droplet jump-off force imparted onto ridged substrates, despite the variations in droplet impact speed, liquid viscosity, and ridge morphology.