Optimization of gluten free biscuit from foxtail, copra meal and amaranth

Abstract Optimization of proportion for minimally processed foxtail millet flour (FMF) (55g or 85%) and copra meal flour (CMF) (10g or 15%) through preliminary trials were done sensorially to have gluten free premix. Optimized premix (60g or 60%) work upon further with amaranth flour (AF) (40g or 40%) in the same way to have gluten free composite mix that works as base material. Further selected independent variables i.e. AF (30-40g/100g premix), fat (35-42 g/100g composite mix) and skim milk powder (SMP) (4-6g/100g composite mix) were used for standardization of ingredients level to formulate biscuits through central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Numerically optimized formulation were found to 40g/100g, 4g/100g and 42g/100g values were optimized for AF, SMP and fat respectively using series of responses viz. maximum spread ratio, fiber content, overall acceptability and with minimum of breaking strength values. Resultant biscuit was shown to have favorable characteristics of overall acceptability (7.55) with desirable responses (0.794) for celiacs.