Purple haze: Cryptic purple sequestrate <i>Cortinarius</i> in New Zealand

is a species-rich ectomycorrhizal genus containing taxa that exhibit agaricoid or sequestrate basidiome morphologies. In New Zealand, one of the most recognizable and common <i>Cortinarius</i> species is the purple sequestrate fungus, <i>C. porphyroideus</i>. We used genome skimming of the almost 100-y-old type specimen from <i>C. porphyroideus</i> to obtain the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and partial nuc rDNA 28S (28S) sequences. The phylogenetic position of <i>C. porphyroideus</i> was established, and we found that it represents a rarely collected species. Purple sequestrate <i>Cortinarius</i> comprise multiple cryptic species in several lineages. We describe four new species of <i>Cortinarius</i> with strong morphological similarity to <i>C. porphyroideus: Cortinarius diaphorus, C. minorisporus, C. purpureocapitatus</i>, and <i>C. violaceocystidiatus</i>. Based on molecular evidence, <i>Thaxterogaster viola</i> is recognized as <i>Cortinarius violaceovolvatus</i> var. <i>viola</i>. These species are associated with <i>Nothofagus</i> (southern beech) and have very similar morphology to <i>C. porphyroideus</i> but are all phylogenetically distinct based on molecular data.

该属为物种丰富的外生菌根（ectomycorrhizal）类群，涵盖呈现伞菌状（agaricoid）或闭果型担子果（sequestrate basidiome）形态的分类单元。在新西兰，最具辨识度且常见的丝膜菌属（Cortinarius）物种为紫色闭果型真菌*C. porphyroideus*。我们对该物种近乎百年历史的模式标本开展基因组浅层测序（genome skimming），获取了核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区ITS1-5.8S-ITS2（ITS条形码）以及核核糖体DNA大亚基28S的部分序列。本研究明确了*C. porphyroideus*的系统发育位置，发现其为一类极难采集的物种。紫色闭果型丝膜菌在多个演化支中存在多个隐存种（cryptic species）。我们描述了4个与*C. porphyroideus*形态特征高度相似的丝膜菌属新种：*Cortinarius diaphorus*、*C. minorisporus*、*C. purpureocapitatus* 及 *C. violaceocystidiatus*。基于分子证据，原*Thaxterogaster viola* 被处理为*Cortinarius violaceovolvatus* var. *viola*。上述物种均与南山毛榉属（Nothofagus，南半球山毛榉）共生，其形态与*C. porphyroideus*极为相似，但基于分子数据均属于独立的演化分支。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个真菌学研究数据集，聚焦于新西兰的紫色sequestrate Cortinarius真菌物种。通过基因组skim技术分析C. porphyroideus类型标本，揭示了其稀有性和多个隐存物种，包括四个新描述的物种，这些物种与Nothofagus关联且形态相似但分子数据区分明显。数据集包含序列和表格文件，支持开放获取，适用于微生物学、遗传学和生态学等领域的研究。