Replication Data for: Party and Party System Institutionalization: Which Comes First?

Parties and party systems are treated as separate phenomena in theory, but not in research practice. This is most clearly so in the literature on the institutionalization of party politics, where the party-level and the systemic levels are often analyzed through combined fuzzy indices. This article (1) proposes separate indicators for measuring institutionalization at the party and at the party system level, (2) demonstrates their different dynamics in 20th and 21st century European countries and (3) investigates the direction of causality. Using a dataset that covers more than 700 elections, 800 parties and 1400 instances of government formation in 60 different historical party systems across 45 European countries, we find that party-level institutionalization tends to precede systemic institutionalization. The opposite pattern occurs only in a few countries.