Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in Camptostoma tyrannulets

The tyrant flycatcher genus Camptostoma currently comprises two visually similar species: the Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet (C. imberbe), ranging from the southern United States to Costa Rica, and the Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (C. obsoletum), found from Costa Rica to Uruguay. Vocal and genetic differences suggest that the Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet may include multiple species, but no analysis of acoustic trait variation has been conducted within the genus. We analyzed a geographically comprehensive sample of sound recordings to measure geographic variation in vocalizations across the genus, testing the hypothesis that the Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet includes multiple species. We find that Camptostoma comprises eight vocally distinct populations, two within the Northern and six within the Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet. These populations exhibit diagnostic differences in multiple different vocalizations, including vocalization types that are typically species-specific in the Tyr..., , , # Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in *Camptostoma* tyrannulets

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.612jm64dm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.612jm64dm)

## Description of the data

This repository is associated with Lima, R. D. & Vaz, R. V. (2024). Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in *Camptostoma* tyrannulets. *Ornithology*. In Press. [https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukae058](https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukae058)

It contains the data and scripts necessary to reproduce all analyses and figures in the paper. Descriptions of each file are provided below:

#### File *camptostoma\_daysong\_measurements.csv*

This comma-separated spreadsheet contains \"daytime song\" trait measurement data. Each row is a unique sample (i.e., one measured vocalization). Empty cells indicate unavailable data; for instance, a vocalization with only four notes will have empty cells for measurements pertaining to a fifth note, which is absent in this samp...