Claim Verification: "The superior method for enhancing neuroplasticity in adults is neurofeedback training compared to exercise or sleep optimization." — Disproved

Automated fact-verification of the claim: "The superior method for enhancing neuroplasticity in adults is neurofeedback training compared to exercise or sleep optimization." Verdict: DISPROVED Key Findings 4 of 4 independent peer-reviewed sources reject the claim that neurofeedback is the superior neuroplasticity-enhancement method. Aerobic exercise has meta-analytic evidence showing a moderate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.46–0.58) for increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) — a primary molecular marker of neuroplasticity — after a single session (B1) and with regular training (B1, B2). Neurofeedback's own literature explicitly states that "current research does not support conclusive results about its efficacy" (B3) and that "recent accumulating evidence seems to refute the clinical superiority of feedback training over sham treatment" (B4). No meta-analysis or RCT was found showing neurofeedback produces neuroplasticity effects (BDNF, hippocampal volume, gray matter) exceeding those of aerobic exercise. The strongest pro-neurofeedback finding (Galang et al. 2025, SMD = 0.32) measures functional neural modulation during sessions only — not structural neuroplasticity — and is smaller than exercise effect sizes. Files proof.py — Re-runnable Python verification script proof.md — Structured proof report proof_audit.md — Full verification audit trail proof_narrative.md — Plain-language summary proof.json — Machine-readable structured data Generated by Proof Engine v0.10.0.