Number of beneficiaries in group as a proportion of program beneficiaries

Beneficiary incidence measures how social protection and labor (SPL) program beneficiaries are distributed across the welfare spectrum. It is defined as the share of total program beneficiaries falling into each welfare quintile. More specifically, it is calculated as the number of individuals in a given quintile who live in a household where at least one member receives the transfer, divided by the total number of beneficiaries (including both direct and indirect). The indicator can be derived using either the pre‑transfer or post‑transfer welfare distribution, depending on whether the objective is to assess beneficiary incidence before or after accounting for transfers. Results are reported by program type (social assistance, social insurance, and labor market programs) according to the ASPIRE classification, as well as in aggregate across all SPL programs. This measure includes both direct and indirect beneficiaries, providing a comprehensive understanding of who ultimately receives SPL program benefits across the welfare distribution.