2019 Atherosclerosis (Deep learning algorithm for CAD-RADS classification with CCTA)

Background and aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing its role in diagnosis of patients with suspicious coronary artery disease. The aim of this manuscript is to develop a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the correct Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) category.
Methods: Two hundred eighty eight patients who underwent clinically indicated CCTA were included in this single-center retrospective study. The CCTAs were stratified by CAD-RADS scores by expert readers and considered as reference standard. A deep CNN was designed and tested on the CCTA dataset and compared to on-site reading. The deep CNN analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the following three Models based on CADRADS classification: Model A (CADRADS 0 vs CADRADS 1-2 vs CADRADS 3,4,5), Model 1 (CADRADS 0 vs CADRADS>0), Model 2 (CADRADS 0-2 vs CADRADS 3-5). Time of analysis for both physicians and CNN were recorded.
Results: Model A showed a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of 47%, 74%, 77%, 46% and 60%, respectively. Model 1 showed a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of 66%, 91%, 92%, 63%, 86%, respectively. Conversely Model 2 demonstrated the following sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy: 82%, 58%, 74%, 69%, 71%, respectively. Time of analysis was significantly lower using CNN as compared to on-site reading (530.5179.1vs104.31.4 seconds, p:0.01) Conclusions: Deep CNN yielded accurate automated classification of patients with CAD-RADS.