Child Victim Survey 2022

The survey focused on violence against children and adolescents in Finland, surveying different forms and manifestations of violence. The respondents were sixth grade (12-13 year olds) and ninth grade (15-16 year olds) pupils in schools. The main themes in the survey were experiences of crime (such as robberies, thefts, threats, assaults and domestic violence), sibling and peer victimisation, sexual violence, harassment and threats via the internet and cyber-bullying. Data collection was carried out during a class. Compared to the previous data collection in 2013, the section measuring violence in digital environments in particular was revised. First, the respondents were asked about their home, family structure, relationships with family and friends, health, any experience of substance abuse, leisure activities and hobbies. They were also asked about any inappropriate behaviour, such as hitting, intimidating, encouraging sexual activity or offering intoxicants, which may have been initiated by the instructor or coach of the recreational activity. So-called conventional crime was charted by asking whether the respondents had been subjected to robbery, theft, vandalism, assault or attempted assault, threats, how often, whether they had told anyone, and whether they had suffered any injuries. Further questions dealt with the scene of the crime and the perpetrator's identity, including his/her sex, age, and ethnicity. Sibling and peer violence was studied with questions about assault, and physical and emotional bullying. Regarding witnessing violence against family members, the respondents were asked whether they had seen or heard their mother, father or sibling being verbally or physically abused (e.g. hit with a fist or an item, attacked with a knife) or threatened with violence at home, and who the perpetrator had been, how old the respondent had been when the (first) incident had occurred, and whether the victim had sustained visible injuries or injuries that required professional treatment. Another question investigated whether a family member had been verbally or physically abused, threatened with violence etc. in public. Parents' means of approaching a conflict situation with the respondent were charted (e.g. sulking, insulting, threatening with violence, spanking on the bottom, kicking). Relating to sexual activity with adults (or people at least five years older), the respondents were asked, among other things, whether they had experienced sexual advances from or been in sexual contact with adults, what had happened (e.g. sexual propositions, fondling, exposure of genitals), how old they had been, whether the respondent had known the adult, which of them had initiated the activity, whether coercion, violence, gifts or alcohol were involved, whether the respondent viewed the situation as sexual abuse, and whether the respondent had told anyone about the incident and if not, why. In addition, ninth-grade respondents were asked about sexual experiences, such as first kisses, dating and sex, with peers. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's class grade, gender, age, household composition, and country of birth (categorised) as well as parents' ages, occupations, employment statuses, countries of birth (categorised), and educations. Language spoken at home and financial situation of the family were also inquired about.

本次调查聚焦于芬兰儿童及青少年遭受的暴力现象，涵盖了暴力的不同形式及表现。调查对象为六年级（12-13岁）和九年级（15-16岁）的学生。调查的主题主要包括犯罪经历（如抢劫、盗窃、威胁、袭击及家庭暴力）、兄弟姐妹与同龄人的受害者身份、性暴力、网络骚扰及网络欺凌。数据收集在课堂上进行。与2013年进行的上一轮数据收集相比，特别是针对数字环境中暴力行为的测量部分进行了修订。首先，受访者被询问有关他们的家庭、家庭结构、与家人和朋友的关系、健康状况、是否有过药物滥用经历、休闲活动和爱好。他们还被询问是否有过不适当的行为，如打击、恐吓、鼓励性行为或提供致幻剂等，这些行为可能是由休闲活动的指导者或教练引发的。所谓的传统犯罪通过询问受访者是否遭受过抢劫、盗窃、破坏、袭击或企图袭击、威胁，频率如何，他们是否告诉过任何人，以及他们是否受到过伤害来记录。进一步的问题涉及犯罪现场和犯罪嫌疑人的身份，包括其性别、年龄和种族。通过询问攻击、身体和情感霸凌等问题来研究兄弟姐妹及同龄人的暴力。关于目睹家庭成员遭受暴力的问题，受访者被询问是否看到或听到过他们的母亲、父亲或兄弟姐妹遭受言语或身体上的虐待（例如，被拳头或物品击打，被刀攻击）或在家中遭受暴力威胁，以及施暴者是谁，受访者第一次遇到此类事件时的年龄，以及受害者是否遭受了可见的伤势或需要专业治疗的伤势。另一个问题是调查家庭成员是否在公共场合遭受过言语或身体上的虐待、遭受暴力威胁等。记录了父母与受访者处理冲突情况的方式（例如，生气、侮辱、以暴力威胁、打屁股、踢打）。关于与成年人（或至少比受访者大五岁的人）的性行为，受访者被询问，例如，他们是否遭受过成年人的性挑逗或与成年人有过性接触，发生了什么（例如，性提议、抚摸、暴露生殖器），他们当时多大了，他们是否认识该成年人，谁先开始的活动，是否涉及强迫、暴力、礼物或酒精，受访者是否认为这种情况是性侵犯，以及他们是否告诉过任何人关于此事，如果没有，原因是什么。此外，九年级受访者还被询问了与同龄人的性经历，如初吻、约会和性行为。背景变量包括受访者的年级、性别、年龄、家庭构成、出生国（分类）以及父母的年龄、职业、就业状况、出生国（分类）和教育程度。还调查了家庭使用的语言和家庭的经济状况。