Phenology of 50 tree species across 9 years in a South Asian tropical rainforest indicates complex influence of climate, traits, and phylogeny

================================================================================PHENOLOGY DATASET README================================================================================ This dataset is in association with the following manuscript: Phenology of 50 tree species across 9 years in a South Asian tropical rainforest indicates complex influence of climate, traits, and phylogenyAnd includes all relevant data and analysis files Last Updated: 02-13-2026 ================================================================================AUTHORS================================================================================ AUTHOR #1 (Corresponding Author*)Name: A. P. MadhavanAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail: [e-mail]: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256 AUTHOR #2Name: Srinivasan KasinathanAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail: [e-mail]: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653 AUTHOR #3Name: Akhil MuraliAffiliation: individualEmail: [e-mail]: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-6458 AUTHOR #4Name: K. B. SoniaAffiliation: individualEmail: [e-mail] AUTHOR #5Name: G. MoorthiAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaAUTHOR #6Name: T. SundarrajAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India AUTHOR #7Name: T. VanidasAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India AUTHOR #8Name: R. RajeshAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India AUTHOR #9Name: Divya MudappaAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail: [e-mail]: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826 AUTHOR #10Name: T. R. Shankar RamanAffiliation: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail: [e-mail]: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953 ================================================================================ Geographic Coverage:1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E) Temporal Coverage:1. Begins: 2017-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)2. Ends: 2026-02-01 (Year, Month, Day) Besides the README.txt file, the dataset includes file number 1-8 comma-delimited text (csv) files with the data in columns as explained below: Additionally there are 4 R scripts pertaining to the analysis (files 9-12) ================================================================================FILE DESCRIPTIONS================================================================================ 01_Tree Phenology_Monthly Data_FINAL_2025.csvPhenological data from 2017-2021 02_2021 new phenology masterfile FINAL.csv Phenological data from 2021-2026 DETAILS OF COLUMNS FOR BOTH SHEETS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------PHENOLOGYDATA SHEET--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TreeNo Unique numerical tree ID given after sequential sorting by trail and sideyrmo_code Year and month of data collectionDate Actual date of data collection of that row of dataTrail Name of the tree phenology trailSide Side of the trail surveyedSpecies Scientific name of tree species being monitored on the trailH (m) Vertical height of tree from ground to highest point, measured in metresGBH (cm) Girth (circumference) of the tree trunk at breast height (1.3 m)Multistem GBH of each stem in cm (comma separated) when there were multiple stems of the same individualDeadBrok Indicates if tree has died ("Dead") or is dry or broken or fallen ("Brokendry")Leaf_Flush Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowLeaf_Mature Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowLeaf_Fallen Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Flower_Buds Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFlower_Open Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFlower_Fallen Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Fruit_Unripe Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFruit_Ripe Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFruit_Fallen Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Notes Remarks and additional information --------------------------------------------------------------------------------PHENOLOGICAL SCORING SYSTEM--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Score for Leaves (Flush/Mature), Flowers (Buds, Open), Fruits (Unripe, Ripe): 0: 0% of canopy has the phenophase1: 1 – 25% of canopy has the phenophase2: 26 – 50% of canopy has the phenophase3: 51 – 75% of canopy has the phenophase4: 76 – 100% of canopy has the phenophase Special codes:X Assigned to Flowers (buds, open, fallen) columns of Ficus sp. and Artocarpus sp.dead Filled in columns for dead trees -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03_Surveys2017-2021.csv 04_Surveys2021-2026.csv Phenological survey information from 2021-2026 DETAILS OF COLUMNS FOR BOTH SHEETS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------SURVEY SHEET-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Date of data collection for that particular trail each monthTrail Name of the tree phenology trailSide Side of the trail surveyedPersons present Persons on team surveying that side of the trailWeather Weather when data collection was started on the surveyed trailStart time Start time of data collection of the surveyed trailEnd time End time of data collection of the surveyed trailNotes Remarks and additional information Corrected species names from UtaxonsStand (https://ecoinfor.shinyapps.io/UTaxonstandOnline/)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIES NAMES-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- verbatimScientificName Scientific name of the species as recorded verbatim in the fieldfamily Taxonomic family to which the species belongsspecies Binomial species name (Genus species) 06_IyerpadiMonthlySummary3.0.csv Data columns description for monthly weather station summary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------WEATHER DATA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------year Yearmonth Monthrainfall Sum of precipitation (mm)maxTemp Maximum temperature (°C)minTemp Minimum temperature (°C)absmaxTemp Absolute maximum temperature (°C)temperature Mean temperature (°C)maxRH Maximum relative humidity (%)minRH Minimum relative humidity (%)humidity Mean relative humidity (%)maxwind Maximum wind speed (m/s)minwind Minimum wind speed (m/s)windspeed Mean wind speed (m/s)maxgust Maximum wind gust (m/s)mingust Minimum wind gust (m/s)gustspeed Mean wind gust speed (m/s)maxdew Maximum dew point (°C)mindew Minimum dew point (°C)dewpoint Mean dew point (°C)maxRad Maximum irradiance (μmol m–² s–¹)minRad Minimum irradiance (μmol m–² s–¹)radiance Mean irradiance based on PAR (μmol m–² s–¹)daylight Number of daylight hours indicated by photosynthetically available radiation (PAR > 1.2 μmol m–² s–¹) each day and averaging by month (hours) 07_TPL_names.csv Species names downloaded from the The Plant List though UTaxonStand (https://ecoinfor.shinyapps.io/UTaxonstandOnline/)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TAXONOMIC STANDARDIZATION COLUMNS (Taxonstand/TPL)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SORTER Internal sorting/indexing columnSubmitted_Name Original species name as submitted to TaxonstandSubmitted_Genus Genus portion of the submitted nameSubmitted_Rank Taxonomic rank of the submitted name (e.g., species, variety, subspecies)Name_in_database Matched name found in The Plant List (TPL) databaseAuthor_in_database Author citation for the matched name in TPL databaseGenus_in_database Genus of the matched name in TPL databaseID_in_database Unique identifier code for the taxon in TPL databaseFuzzy Indicates if fuzzy matching was used (TRUE/FALSE)Score Matching score/confidence level from Taxonstand (0-1 scale, 1 = perfect match)name.dist Name distance metric indicating similarity between submitted and matched namesauthor.dist Author distance metric indicating similarity between submitted and matched authorsNew_name Updated/corrected species name after taxonomic standardizationNew_author Updated/corrected author citation after taxonomic standardizationNew_ID Updated taxonomic identifier after standardizationFamily Plant family assignment from TPL databaseName_spLev Species-level name after standardizationAccepted_SPNAME Accepted species name according to TPL nomenclature standardsNOTE Additional notes or flags regarding taxonomic changes or issues -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 08_Anamalais_trait_data_2024.csv--------------------------------------------------------------------------------FUNCTIONAL TRAIT DATA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer to Zenodo database (10.5281/zenodo.10643064) for details on this dataset ================================================================================DATA SCRIPTS================================================================================ 09_Phenology2021extension_final.Rmd First script to run which does data management and signal processing 10_Species_climate.R Second script to run which runs Species climate correlations 11_Pheno_phylo,R Mantel tests and Pagels lambda 12_Poster graphs.R Last script graph outputs for all graphs