Replication Data for: Optimizing recruitment in PPGIS – is it worth the time and the costs?

Dataset description: This dataset contains the information needed to replicate the results presented in the article “Optimizing recruitment in PPGIS – is it worth the time and the costs?”. The data were collected as part of a study investigating recruitment strategies for a large-scale online public participation GIS (PPGIS) platform in coastal areas of Northern Norway. To investigate different recruitment strategies, we reviewed previous environmental PPGIS studies using random sampling and methods to increase response rates. We compared the attained results with our large-scale PPGIS in Northern Norway, where we used both random and volunteer (traditional and social media) sampling. The dataset includes response rates for the 5% of the population (13 regions in Northern Norway) recruited by mail to participate in an online PPGIS survey, response rates from volunteers recruited through traditional and social media, synthetic demographic data, and the code necessary for processing demographic data to obtain the results presented in the article. Original demographic data is not shared due to privacy legislation. We furthermore calculated time spent and costs used for recruiting both randomly sampled persons and volunteers.
Article abstract: Public participation GIS surveys use both random and volunteer sampling to recruit people to participate in a self-administered mapping exercise online. From random sampling designs, the participation rate is known to be relatively low, and biased to specific segments (e.g., mid-aged, educated men). Volunteer sampling provides the opportunity to reach a large crowd at reasonable costs, but generally suffers from unknown sampling biases and lower data quality. The low participation rates and the quality of mapping question the validity and generalizability of the results, limiting its use as a democracy tool for enhancing participation in development and planning. We therefore asked: How can we increase participation in online PPGIS surveys? Is it worth the time and the costs? We reviewed environmentally related, online PPGIS surveys (N=51) and analyzed the sampling biases and recruitment strategies utilized in a large scale online PPGIS platform in coastal areas of Northern Norway using both random sampling (16978 invited participants) and volunteer sampling. We found the time, effort, and costs spent to increase participation rates to yield meager results. We discuss the time and cost efficiency of different recruitment methods, as well as the implications of the low participation levels notwithstanding the recruitment methods used.

本数据集收录了用于复现论文《优化 PPGIS 的招募——投入时间和成本是否值得？》中呈现结果的必要信息。数据收集作为一项研究的一部分，旨在探究针对挪威北部沿海地区大规模在线公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）平台的招募策略。为探究不同的招募策略，我们回顾了以往的环境 PPGIS 研究并通过随机抽样及提高响应率的方法。我们将所取得的结果与挪威北部的 PPGIS 大规模实践进行比较，其中我们采用了随机抽样（16978 名受邀参与者）和志愿者抽样（传统及社交媒体）。数据集包括通过邮件招募的 5% 人口（挪威北部 13 个地区）参与在线 PPGIS 调查的响应率、通过传统和社交媒体招募的志愿者响应率、合成人口统计数据，以及处理人口数据以获得论文中展示结果所需的代码。由于隐私法规，原始人口数据未予共享。此外，我们还计算了招募随机抽样人员和志愿者所花费的时间和成本。

文章摘要：公众参与 GIS 调查结合了随机抽样和志愿者抽样以招募人员参与在线自我管理制图练习。从随机抽样设计中可知，参与率相对较低，且偏向于特定群体（例如，中年、受过教育的男性）。志愿者抽样提供了以合理成本触及大量人群的机会，但通常存在未知的抽样偏差和较低的数据质量。低参与率和制图质量质疑了结果的效度和普适性，限制了其作为增强参与发展和规划的民主工具的使用。因此，我们提出了以下问题：如何提高在线 PPGIS 调查的参与度？投入时间和成本是否值得？我们回顾了与环境保护相关的在线 PPGIS 调查（N=51）并分析了在挪威北部沿海地区的大型在线 PPGIS 平台上使用的抽样偏差和招募策略，其中采用了随机抽样（16978 名受邀参与者）和志愿者抽样。我们发现，为了提高参与率而投入的时间、努力和成本并未带来显著结果。我们讨论了不同招募方法的时间和成本效率，以及尽管使用了不同的招募方法，但低参与水平所产生的影响。