Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus

Urbanization is an important dimension of global change, and urban areas impose significant natural selection on species within them. Although many species persist in urban areas, little research has investigated whether populations have adapted to urbanization. Even less work has considered tropical regions, which have recently experienced dramatic urban growth. In the present study we focused on the neotropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus. We tested whether lizard ecology and morphology differ between urban and natural areas in Puerto Rico. We found that environmental conditions differ dramatically between urban and natural areas. We also found that lizards in urban areas frequently use artificial substrates, and that these substrates are broader than substrates in natural forest. Finally our morphological data showed that lizards in urban areas have longer limbs and more subdigital lamellae compared to lizards from forested habitats. This shift in phenotype is in the direction predic...