EU energy atlas - water needs of the energy system 2023

This dataset contains an estimation of the amount of water needed for the supply of energy (*) across the EU in 2023, based on the corresponding energy balances from EUROSTAT. The dataset consists of 4 geopackage files showing the annual withdrawal and consumption of freshwater and other water resources (labelled as seawater) at 1x1 km resolution, in Mm3 per km2. There are also 4 heatmaps for illustrative purposes. (* the energy supply activities considered for this estimation are: coal mining; operation of coke oven plants, blast furnaces, and gas works; extraction of peat, oil shale, crude oil and natural gas; crude oil refining; blending of natural gas; production of primary solid biomass, charcoal, biofuels, heat and electricity).