Collection methods and distribution modeling for Strepsiptera in the United States

The twisted-wing parasite order (Strepsiptera Kirby, 1813) is difficult to study due to the complexity of strepsipteran life histories, small body sizes, and a lack of accessible distribution data for most species. Here, we present a review of the strepsipteran species known from New York State. We also demonstrate successful collection methods and a survey of species carried out in an old-growth deciduous forest dominated by native New York species (Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY) and a private site in the Catskill Mountains (Shandaken, NY). Additionally, we model suitable habitat for Strepsiptera in the United States with species distribution modeling. We base our models on host distributions and climatic variables to inform predictions of where these twisted-wing parasites are likely to be found. With this work, we hope to provide a useful reference for the future collection of Strepsiptera., Our specimens were collected in Black Rock Forest (BRF), Cornwall, New York over the course of six trips in July and August of 2022 and 2023. BRF is an old growth forest protected and maintained by a namesake scientific organization dedicated to its study—as such, this forest provides a uniquely mature and native environment in which to collect ecological data. We sampled six areas: native growth by the Black Rock Forest (BRF) Science Center (41.41408°, -74.011919°), a patch of wild growth in the parking lot (41.413249°, -74.011421°), the meadow of the Upper Reservoir (41.411015°, -74.007048°), Aleck Meadow (41.406405°, -74.014587°), meadows of Jim’s Pond (41.387490°, -74.020348°), and brush near the Stone House (41.397177°, -74.021423°) (Figure S1). In addition to the BRF sites, we sampled one privately owned site in the Catskill Mountains, Shandaken, New York in June and July 2023 (42.129425°, -74.377613°).
To generate predictive models of host and Strepsiptera ranges, we gathered occ..., , # Supplemental data for \"Collection methods and distribution modeling for Strepsiptera in the United States\"

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc34](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc34)

These files are supplemental information related to surveys of the twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) in New York State and species distribution modeling for Strepsiptera in the United States.

The latest version (8) is for organizational changes: the names of two .MOV files in the supplemental files hosted by Zenodo have been changed to reflect their citations in the related manuscript.

Version 7 features organizational changes: the names of the two .xlsx files have been changed to reflect their citations in the related manuscript.

## Data and file structure

* Video_S1_Xenos_pull.MOV (renamed as of version 8 to reflect manuscript)
* A video file of a female *Xenos peckii* being pulled from a female *Polistes fuscatus* host wasp
* This video is included to demonstrate how the ...