Flask and reactor scale production of plant growth regulators by <i>Inonotus hispidus</i>: optimization, immobilization and kinetic parameters
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The aims of the presented study are to compare submerged, static, and solid-state fermentation in the production of gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) by <i>Inonotus hispidus</i>, to optimize with a statistical approach, and to determine the kinetic parameters under flask and reactor conditions. The maximum concentrations of GA<sub>3</sub>, (2478.85 ± 68.53 mg/L), ABA, (273.26 ± 6.17 mg/L) and IAA (30.67 ± 0.19 mg/L) were obtained in submerged conditions. After optimization, these values reached 2998.85 ± 28.85, 339.47 ± 5.50, and 34.56 ± 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Immobilization of fungal cells on synthetic fiber, polyurethane foam, and alginate beads resulted in an increase in plant growth regulators (PGR) production by 5.53%− 5.79% under optimized conditions. At the reactor scale, a significant increase was observed for GA<sub>3</sub> concentration, 5441.54 mg/L, which was 2.14 and 1.45 times higher than non-optimized and optimized conditions in the flask scale, respectively. The maximum values for ABA and IAA were 390.39 and 44.79 mg/L, respectively. Although the specific growth rate (µ) decreases relatively from non-optimized flask conditions to optimized reactor conditions, it was observed that the PGR amounts produced per liter medium (r<sub>p</sub>) and per gram biomass (Q<sub>p</sub>) increased significantly. This is the first report on the synthesis of PGR by <i>Inonotus hispidus</i> which could be crucial for sustainable agriculture.
