A dataset on bacterio-, phyto- and zooplankton from an emerging periglacial lagoon in Svalbard, Arctic

Data on zooplankton, phytoplankton, and bacterioplankton from Arctic coastal lagoon are provided. The lagoon is located in the region of intense glacier melting, near Eidembukta Bay, on the Western Part of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago). This newly formed water body represents the new ecosystem, which comprises elements presumably coming into the lagoon from the sea, the nearby tundra ponds and rivers, and the melting glacier. In deeper areas of the lagoon, upper and lower layers of water coming from the melting glacier and from the sea, respectively, form an extremely strong halocline. Apart from vertical gradient, the lagoon is structured horizontally as its areas vary in respect to their proximity to the melting glacier, and hence by their age.

The data presented in the repository provide an actual snapshot of the diversity of aquatic organisms in the novel post-glacial habitat. The data can be used for elucidating the processes of the emerging and evolution of newly formed aquatic ecosystems in the context of the warming era.

The dataset includes the results of the analysis of the samples collected during two summer seasons (August 2022 and August 2023). Sampling was performed at 26 sampling sites, from different depths (above and below strong halocline) and different lagoon parts.

The following types of data are given in four Excel tables:

1. Table_1_Sampling sites.xlsx - map of the lagoon, brief characteristics of sampling sites: date of sampling, geographical coordinates, number and type of samples collected at each site.
2. Table_2_Zooplankton.xlsx - list of lowest identified taxa of zooplankton, abundances of the taxa in the samples, salinity range for each taxon.
3. Table_3_Phytoplankton.xlsx - list of lowest identified taxa of phytoplankton, abundances of the taxa in the samples, biomass and carbon biomass of the taxa with categorisation by cell size, salinity range for each taxon
4. Table_4_Bacterioplankton.xlsx - bacteria cell concentration and bacteria carbon biomass in the samples

The study was performed in framework of the EIDEMBUKTA project (“Formation of a novel coastal lagoon ecosystem following glacier retreat in Eidembukta, Svalbard Arctic“), funded by the Research Council of Lithuania (agreement number S-MIP-22-48) with logistical and technical support from the Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences.

本数据集提供了北极海岸泻湖中浮游动物、浮游植物和细菌浮游生物的数据。该泻湖位于斯匹次卑尔根群岛（斯瓦尔巴群岛）西部，艾伊姆布克塔湾附近，冰川融水严重的地区。这一新形成的水体代表了一个新兴生态系统，其中包含来自海洋、邻近的苔原池塘和河流以及融化的冰川的元素。在泻湖的较深区域，来自融化和海洋的水体的上下水层形成了极其强烈的盐度梯度。除了垂直梯度外，泻湖在水平结构上也有所不同，其区域因与融冰川的邻近程度而异，从而决定了其形成年代。

数据集呈现了该新型冰川后生境中水生生物多样性的实际快照。这些数据可用于阐明在变暖时代背景下，新兴水生生态系统产生与演化的过程。

数据集包括在两个夏季季节（2022年8月和2023年8月）收集的样本分析结果。采样在26个采样点进行，涵盖不同的深度（强盐度梯度之上和之下）以及泻湖的不同部分。

以下类型的数据包含在四个Excel表格中：
1. Table_1_Sampling sites.xlsx - 泻湖地图，采样点简要特征：采样日期、地理坐标、每个采样点的样本数量和类型。
2. Table_2_Zooplankton.xlsx - 浮游动物最低识别分类单元列表，样本中各分类单元的丰度，各分类单元的盐度范围。
3. Table_3_Phytoplankton.xlsx - 浮游植物最低识别分类单元列表，样本中各分类单元的丰度，各分类单元的生物量和碳生物量，按细胞大小分类，各分类单元的盐度范围。
4. Table_4_Bacterioplankton.xlsx - 样本中的细菌细胞浓度和细菌碳生物量。

本研究在EIDEMBUKTA项目（“斯瓦尔巴群岛艾伊姆布克塔冰川退缩后新型海岸泻湖生态系统的形成”）框架内进行，该项目由立陶宛研究委员会资助（协议编号S-MIP-22-48），并获得波兰科学院海洋学研究所的物流和技术支持。