Species-specific calcification response of Caribbean corals after two-year transplantation to low aragonite saturation submarine springs

Coral calcification is expected to decline as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases. We assessed the potential of Porites astreoides, Siderastrea siderea and Porites porites to survive and calcify under acidified conditions in a two-year field transplant experiment around low-pH, low aragonite saturation (Ωarag) submarine springs. Slow-growing S. siderea had the highest post-transplantation survival and showed an increase in tissue concentrations of Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a, and protein at the low Ωarag site. Nubbins of P. astreoides had 20% lower survival and higher chlorophyll a concentration at the low Ωarag site. Only 33% of P. porites nubbins survived at low Ωarag and their linear extension and calcification rates were reduced. The density of skeletons deposited after transplantation was 15-30% lower for all species at the low Ωarag spring. These results suggest that corals with slow calcification rates and high Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a and protein concentr...