Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-Added Estimates
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Are teachers impacts on students test scores ("value-added") a good measure of their quality? One reason this question has sparked debate is disagreement about whether value-added (VA) measures provide unbiased estimates of teachers causal impacts on student achievement. We test for bias in VA using
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美国国家经济研究局创建时间：
2013-09-01
