Homo sapiens Genome sequencing and assembly

In this study, comprehensive Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) sequencing was performed on tumor samples from patients with EOC and epithelial borderline ovarian tumor (EBOT), revealing a significantly enriched abundance of Malassezia in EOC tissues. Intratumoral microbiota transplantation assays further demonstrated that microbiota derived from EOC patients markedly promoted EOC progression. Moreover, tumor colonization by Malassezia restricta (M. restricta) substantially promoted tumor growth in EOC mouse models and concurrently increased M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues. We also identified M. restricta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key mediators promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Mechanistically, M. restricta EVs facilitated tumor progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.