INGV GNSS Velocity field for northern Italy

Velocity field derived from GNSS permanent stations distributed across northern Italy, operated by various public and private agencies. Processing position time series. Observations from the GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO constellations were processed with the Bernese 5.2 software package using a double-difference strategy. Loosely constrained daily solutions were generated by fixing satellite orbits and Earth rotation parameters, while applying a priori loose constraints of 10 m to all station coordinates. The resulting loosely constrained GNSS time series were then aligned to the ITRF2014 reference frame through a three-parameter Helmert transformation (translations only). Processing velocities. Site velocities are estimated fitting simultaneously a linear drift, episodic offsets and annual sinusoids to all the coordinate time series. Offsets are estimated whenever a change in the GPS equipment induces a significant transient in the time series, whereas seasonal oscillations are accounted for by annual sinusoids. Velocities expressed in the not-net-rotation ITRF14 reference frame are given in SINEX format (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Organization/AnalysisCoordinator/SinexFormat/sinex.html), whereas velocity residuals with respect to Eurasia plate are given as a tabular text file.