Table_6_Physiology and transcriptome analysis of the response mechanism of Solidago canadensis to the nitrogen addition environment.xlsx

Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that can adapt to variable environmental conditions. To explore the molecular mechanism of the response to nitrogen (N) addition conditions in S. canadensis, physiology and transcriptome analysis were performed with samples that cultured by natural and three N level conditions. Comparative analysis detected many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the function of plant growth and development, photosynthesis, antioxidant, sugar metabolism and secondary metabolism pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in plant growth, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis were upregulated. Furthermore, secondary metabolism-related genes were specifically expressed among the different groups; for example, most DEGs related to phenol and flavonoid synthesis were downregulated in the N-level environment. Most DEGs related to diterpenoid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis were upregulated. In addition, many physiological responses, such as antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, were elevated by the N environment, which was consistent with the gene expression levels in each group. Collectively, our observations indicated that S. canadensis may be promoted by N deposition conditions with the alteration of plant growth, secondary metabolism and physiological accumulation.

Solidago canadensis，一种侵入性植物，能够适应多变的环境条件。为探究其在氮（N）添加条件下的分子响应机制，本研究以自然及三种氮水平条件培养的样品为对象，进行了生理和转录组分析。比较分析揭示了众多差异表达基因（DEGs），这些基因涉及植物的生长发育、光合作用、抗氧化、糖代谢及次生代谢途径等功能。大多数编码参与植物生长、昼夜节律和光合作用的蛋白的基因表达量上调。此外，在不同组别中，与次生代谢相关的基因表达呈现特异性；例如，在氮水平环境中，与酚和黄酮类合成相关的多数DEGs表达下调，而与二萜和单萜生物合成相关的多数DEGs表达上调。同时，许多生理响应，如抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量等，在氮环境中均有所提升，这与各组的基因表达水平相一致。综合而言，我们的研究结果表明，S. canadensis可能在氮沉积条件下，通过改变植物生长、次生代谢和生理积累的方式得到促进。