Conflicts Over Land and Resources in the Bosawas Natural Resource Reserve North-Central Nicaragua, 1995

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><br>The purpose of the study was to investigate the invasion of indigenous lands within Bosawas and to establish the root causes of land invasion in terms of the origins and economic circumstances of the incomers; to examine the impact of land invasion upon Mayangna indigenous communities; to investigate perceptions of Bosawas Reserve, attitudes towards conservation and the land use practices of Mayangna and Mestizos; to establish the strategies being employed by indigenous communities to defend their land rights and the role of non-governmental organisations in supporting this; to examine the implications of government policy for invasion of indigenous lands; to relate conflicts in Bosawas to wider economic and political context in Nicaragua.<br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><br>Household data: age; birthplace; occupation; ethnicity etc.<br> Life history focused on period 1980-1995: places where lived and land holding during the war<br> Land holding characteristics: area; tenure<br> Land and resource use practices: includes hunting; agricultural data for 1994; marketing of produce; household economy; use of forest resources<br> Attitudes to Bosawas Reserve, environment and conservation<br> Conflicts over land and resource use: with government bodies; within community; with neighbours (land invasion)<br> Responses to conflict over land and resources.<P>本摘要版权归英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）及数据采集版权所有者所有。</P><br>本研究旨在调查博萨瓦斯（Bosawas）境内原住民土地遭侵占的情况，并从迁入者的出身背景与经济状况层面剖析土地侵占的根本成因；探究土地侵占对马亚格纳（Mayangna）原住民社群的影响；调查马亚格纳人与梅斯蒂索人（Mestizos）对博萨瓦斯保护区的认知、对生态保护的态度及土地使用习惯；明确原住民社群为捍卫自身土地权利所采取的策略，以及非政府组织在该过程中发挥的支持作用；研判政府政策对原住民土地侵占问题的影响；将博萨瓦斯地区的冲突置于尼加拉瓜更宏观的经济与政治背景下进行关联分析。<br><B>核心研究主题</B>:<BR><br>家庭维度数据：年龄、出生地、职业、族裔等<br>聚焦1980-1995年的人生历程：战争期间的居住地点与土地持有状况<br>土地持有特征：面积、保有形式<br>土地与资源利用习惯：涵盖狩猎活动、1994年农业数据、农产品销售、家庭经济状况、森林资源利用<br>对博萨瓦斯保护区、生态环境与保护工作的态度<br>土地与资源利用相关冲突：与政府机构的冲突、社群内部冲突、与邻人的冲突（土地侵占）<br>土地与资源冲突的应对举措。