Archetypes of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for farming in the North York Moors National Park

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as crucial strategies to address
climate change challenges, offering manifold benefits to biodiversity and
communities by safeguarding, linking and rejuvenating ecosystems. We
identify and analyse how NbS have been applied within the Farming in
Protected Landscapes programme in the North York Moors National Park,
England, focusing on the assessment of interventions, archetypes,
approaches, challenges, and the delivery of ecosystem services. Using
archetype analysis, this study provides a uniform framework of NbS types
in 31 projects carried out throughout the National Park. The results show
schemes that encompass climate adaptation, community-based adaptation,
ecosystem-based management, ecological restoration, natural resource
management, and sustainable agriculture schemes. Five key approaches were
identified, including connection to nature, ecological restoration,
enhancement of water quality, fencing, and tree planting. Practical
implication: from a perspective of NbS diversity and its implementation
across the wider landscape, this research offers valuable insights for
policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to enhance the
efficacy of NbS in protected landscapes around the world.