PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' RESEARCH SKILLS THROUGH PRACTICAL WORK IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION

The development of students’ research skills is an important task of modern biology education. Biology lessons provide wide opportunities for observation, experimentation, evidence-based reasoning and practical application of scientific knowledge. However, these opportunities become effective only when practical work is organized as a purposeful inquiry-oriented activity. This article analyzes the pedagogical principles for developing students’ research skills through practical work in secondary school biology education. The study is based on theoretical and methodological analysis of pedagogical literature, biology teaching methodology, normative documents and teaching practice. The article identifies the key principles of research-oriented practical work: scientific validity, systematicity, accessibility, integration, practical orientation and independent activity. These principles are connected with search-oriented, analytical, communicative, reflective and functional components of students’ learning. The findings may be used in designing biology practical tasks, laboratory activities and methodological recommendations for teachers.