Independent operations of appetitive and aversive conditioning systems lead to simultaneous production of conflicting memories in an insect

Pavlovian conditioning is a ubiquitous form of associative learning that enables animals to remember appetitive and aversive experiences. Animals possess appetitive and aversive conditioning systems that memorize and retrieve appetitive and aversive experiences. Here we addressed the question of whether integration of competing appetitive and aversive information takes place during the encoding of the experience or during memory retrieval. We developed novel experimental procedures to address this question using crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), which allowed selective blockade of the expression of appetitive and aversive memories by injecting octopamine and dopamine receptor antagonists. We conditioned an odor (conditioned stimulus 1, CS1) with water and then with sodium chloride solution. We developed datasets of relative preference between conditioned odor and control odor before training and at each step of the conditioning trials for statistical evaluation of the conditioning effect...., , , # Independent operations of appetitive and aversive conditioning systems lead to simultaneous production of conflicting memories in an insect

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp098](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp098)

The PI (preference index) for the vanilla odor of individual crickets is described for each experiment.

## Description of the data and file structure

We developed datasets to evaluate the effect of various types of conditioning in crickets for addressing a question of whether integration of competing appetitive and aversive information takes place during the encoding of the experience or during memory retrieval [1, 2]. This study is based on our accumulated knowledge on the roles of octopamine neurons and dopamine neurons in formational and retrieval of memory in Pavlovian conditioning and second-order conditioning in crickets. [3-10]. Relative preference between the conditioned odor or visual pattern and the control odor or pattern was collected using test appa...