Fundamental Data for Environment-Aware Benchmarking of Spectral Water Indices Across Regions and Seasons

This dataset consists of comprehensive performance metrics for multiple water indices across 12 eco-geographic regions and four seasonal variations, covering a total of 48 independent scenes. The data includes evaluations of spectral water indices using Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance data, with a focus on their accuracy, robustness, and threshold stability. The dataset is structured to facilitate cross-index comparisons, offering insights into the performance of each index under various environmental conditions. Additionally, the dataset provides a detailed analysis of the spatial and seasonal performance variations of these indices, helping to identify their strengths and weaknesses in diverse real-world settings.