X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of bulk and clay mineral composition at India National Gas Hydrate Program 01 (NGHP-01) Sites on the Indian continental margin (Krishna-Godavari Basin, Kerala-Konkan Basin, Mahanadi Basin, Andaman Sea)

This dataset contains bulk and clay mineral relative abundances measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measured at 12 offshore sites drilled and cored during the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program 01 (NGHP-01) in 2006 by the JOIDES Resolution. Sediment samples from from the Kerala-Konkan Basin, Arabian Sea (Hole 01A), the Krishna-Godavari Basin, Bay of Bengal (Holes 03B, 05C, 07BD, 10BD, 14A, 15A, 16A, 20AB), the Andaman Sea (Hole 17A), and the Mahanadi Basin, Bay of Bengal (Holes 18A, 19A) were measured for bulk and clay XRD at the University of Missouri using a Scintag Pad V X-ray diffractometer.

These sites are between 895 and 2663 m of water depth and were from drilled to depths between 172 and 675 m below seafloor. These data were published in:

Phillips, S.C., Johnson, J.E., Underwood, M.B., Guo, J., Giosan, L., and Rose, K., 2014. Long-timescale variation in bulk and clay mineral composition of Indian continental margin sediments in the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and Arabian Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 58A, 117-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.06.018 Link

Samples were collected at a resolution of approximately 1 per core. Four-component relative abundances (total clay, quartz, feldspar, calcite) of bulk sediment powders were calculated using a singular value decomposition (Fisher and Underwood, 1995). Clay fractions were prepared using the filter peel method and 0.45-mm membranes, and saturated with ethylene glycol (Moore and Reynolds, 1997). Clay mineral relative abundances (illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite) were calculated using the method of Biscaye (1965) for comparison with previously measured studies from the Indian Ocean. See Phillips et al. (2014) for additional information.

References:

Biscaye, P.E., 1965. Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 76, 803-832. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[803:MASORD]2.0.CO;2

Fisher, A.T., Underwood, M.B., 1995. Calibration of an X-ray diffraction method to determine relative mineral abundances in bulk powders using matrix singular value decomposition: a test from the Barbados accretionary complex. In: Shipley, T.H., Ogawa, Y., Blum, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, vol. 156, pp. 29-37. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.156.103.1995

Moore, D.M., Reynolds, R.C., 1997. X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, second ed. Oxford University Press, New York.

Phillips, S.C., Johnson, J.E., Underwood, M.B., Guo, J., Giosan, L., and Rose, K., 2014. Long-timescale variation in bulk and clay mineral composition of Indian continental margin sediments in the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and Arabian Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 58A, 117-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.06.018