Bivariate relationship between baseline characteristics and observed handwashing behaviors with subsequent diarrhea among children under age 5 y in the ensuing 24 mo.

aWhen multiple handwash opportunities were observed in the same household, the household's handwashing behavior was classified on the basis of the most thorough handwashing behavior observed.bAdjusted for repeated measures of the same child and village clustering.cThere were 24 fewer observations in the analysis with fathers' education, because there data were missing for one of the households.dOptimal hand drying (air drying or drying with a clean towel) was compared with hands not dried or dried on dirty towel or clothing; this analysis was restricted to episodes where handwashing was observed.eWashed one hand with water only was selected as the baseline category because too few people did not wash their hands at all to permit robust statistical evaluation.