The Category-Modifier system: a hierarchical classification scheme for vertebrate tooth marks - supplementary tables

Preserved records of tooth-bone interactions, known as tooth marks, can yield a wealth of information regarding organismal behavior and ecology. For this reason, workers in a wide range of disciplines, but particularly paleontology, have inspected and interpreted these features for decades. Although previous studies have gleaned invaluable insights, they have also described tooth marks using terminological frameworks that have been incompletely defined, have incorporated behavioral hypotheses in definitions, and/or have been inconsistently applied. To address these problems, we introduce the Category-Modifier (CM) system, the first system to both sort tooth marks into clearly defined main categories and use descriptive modifiers to characterize their appearance more precisely. The CM system is designed to apply to a wide range of vertebrates, to enable comparisons across disciplines and studies, and to help researchers keep their investigations into behavioral hypotheses free of circular reasoning.

Methods
Measurements of tooth marks for UALVP 57561 provided in supplementary tables 2 and 3 were taken from a silicone peel (UALVP 57561.01) using a ruler. 

Measurements and modifiers of all tooth marks from previous studies provided in supplementary tables 4 and 5 were taken from published figures using the software ImageJ with the exception of DEN2-25. Measurements for tooth marks on DEN2-25 (specimen used in D'Amore and Blumenschine 2009, 2012) were obtained from a raw spreadhseet of measurements provided to TWH by D. D'Amore. Modifiers for tooth marks on DEN2-25 (specimen used in D'Amore and Blumenschine 2009, 2012) were obtained by direct examination of the tooth marked element which was sent to TWH by D. D'Amore.