Data from: Direct segmentation of cortical cytoarchitectonic domains using ultra-high-resolution whole-brain diffusion MRI

We acquired whole-brain MAP-MRI data with 200μm resolution in a fixed
macaque monkey brain and processed the cortical voxels with a local
anisotropic Gaussian denoising filter determined voxel-wise by the plane
tangent to the cortical surface. We computed DTI-derived parameters,
(i.e., fractional anisotropy – FA; mean, axial, and radial diffusivities -
MD, AD, and RD, respectively) and MAP-MRI-derived microstructural
parameters (i.e., propagator anisotropy – PA, non-Gaussianity – NG,
return-to-origin probability – RTOP, return-to-axis probability – RTAP,
and return-to-plane probability – RTPP). We directly clustered all
cortical voxels using only the MAP-derived microstructural imaging
biomarkers using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) analysis. MAP-based 3D
cytoarchitectonic segmentation revealed laminar patterns similar to those
observed in the corresponding histological images. Moreover, transition
regions between these laminar patterns agreed more accurately with
histology than the borders between cortical areas estimated using
conventional atlas/template-warping cortical parcellation. By
cross-tabulating all cortical labels in the atlas- and MAP-based
segmentations, we automatically matched the corresponding MAP-derived
clusters (i.e., cytoarchitectonic domains) across the left and right
hemispheres. High-resolution MAP-MRI biomarkers can effectively delineate
three-dimensional cortical cytoarchitectonic domains in single
individuals.