SNP data for F2 population derived from Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara

To elucidate the genetic architecture underlying phenotypic divergence is essential to the understanding of ecological adaptation and speciation. Two wild rice species (O. rufipogon and O. nivara) are a progenitor-daughter species pair with ecological divergence and provide a unique system for studying ecological adaptation/speciation. Here, we constructed a high-resolved linkage map and conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 19 phenotypic traits using an F2 population generated from a cross between the perennial O. rufipogon and annual O. nivara. We identified 113 QTLs associated with interspecific divergence of 16 quantitative traits, with effect sizes ranging from 1.61% to 34.1% in terms of the percentage of variation explained (PVE). The distribution of effect sizes of QTLs followed a negative exponential, suggesting that a few genes of large effect and many genes of small effect were responsible for the phenotypic divergence. We observed 18 clusters of QTLs (QTL hot..., Fresh leaves of two parental lines and 600 F2 individuals randomly chosen from the 862 F2 population were collected and dried by silica-gel. Genomic DNA was extracted using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (Murray & Thompson, 1980). The libraries of mapping parents were constructed following the manufacturer’s recommendations (Illumina) for 500 bp insert size and sequenced by BGIseq500 platform (BGI; Shenzhen, China) with 150 bp paired-end reads. The F2 individuals were genotyped by a specific-locus amplified fragment-sequencing (SALF-seq) method (Sun et al., 2013). In brief, two restriction enzymes (RsaI and HaeIII) were selected to digest the genomic DNA. The digested fragments (SLAF tags) were ligated to the adapters with T4 DNA ligase. After PCR amplification, purification, sample mixing and electrophoresis with agarose gels, the size of fragments ranging from 264–314 bp were obtained and purified. Subsequently, the products were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 25..., , # SNP data for F2 population derived from Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara

A F2 population was generated from cross between O. rufipogon and O. nivara.

## Description of the data and file structure

The SLAF-seq data of F2 population and resequencing data parental lines was aligned to IRGSP-1.0 by GATK according to suggested pipeline. The SNPs was selected and then filtered.