Supporting data for "A high-quality chromosomal genome assembly of Diospyros oleifera"

Diospyros oleifera, a member of the genus Diospyros of the family Ebenaceae, is an economically important tree. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that D. oleifera is closely related to D. kaki, and could be used as a model plant for studies of D. kaki. Therefore, development of genomic resources of D. oleifera will facilitate auxiliary assembly of the hexaploid persimmon genome and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of major economic traits. <br>The D. oleifera genome was assembled into 443.6 Gb of raw reads using the Pacific Bioscience Sequel and Illumina HiSeq X Ten platforms. The final draft genome was approximately 812.3 Mb and had a high level of continuity with the 3.36 Mb N50. Using the Hi-C data and the draft genome assembly, 15 scaffolds corresponding to the 15 chromosomes were assembled to a final size of 721.5 Mb using 332 scaffolds, accounting for 88.81% of the genome. The identified repeat sequences accounted for 54.8% of the genome. By de novo sequencing and analysis of homology with other plant species, 30,530 protein-coding genes with an average transcript size of 7,105.40 bp were annotated; of these, 28,580 protein-coding genes (93.61%) had conserved functional motifs or terms. In addition, 171 candidate genes involved in the tannin synthesis and deastringency in persimmon were identified; of these chalcone synthase (CHS) genes expanded in the D. oleifera genome compared with D. lotus, C. sinensis, and V. vinifera. Moreover, 186 positively selected genes were identified, including chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene, which is a key enzyme in the flavonoid-anthocyanin pathway. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the split of D. oleifera and D. lotus likely occurred 9.0 million years ago. In addition to the ancient event, a second whole-genome duplication event occurred in D. oleifera and D. lotus (4dtv = 0.36 ~ 0.27-0.42). <br>We generated a high-quality chromosome-level draft genome for D. oleifera, which will facilitate assembly of the hexaploid persimmon genome and further studies of major economic traits in the genus Diospyros.