Local adult abundance, shade tolerance, seed weight, and primary mycorrhizal association for each of our study species.

1Local adult abundance was calculated as stems/ha at Alma College’s Ecological Preserve; only adults ≥ 5cm dbh were included in this count. 2Shade tolerance is presented as intolerant, intermediate, or tolerant and as mean ± std. dev., on a standardized scale from 1 (least tolerant) to 5 (most tolerant), calculated by Niinemets and Valladares [56]. 3Seed weight data was collected from Burns and Honkala [57]. 4AMF = arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and EMF = ectomycorrhizal fungi.