Cytokine–ontogeny interaction shapes macrophage transcriptional states (GM-CSF–derived macrophages)

In GM-CSF–derived macrophages, bulk RNA-seq was performed on five biological replicates per cytokine condition (IL-4, IFN-?, IL-10, TGF-ß). IL-4 separated along PC1 (47% variance) but showed no additional Hallmark enrichment. PC2 (25% variance) distinguished the IFN-? pole characterized by IRF1/STAT1-regulated genes (Gbp genes, Cxcl9), from IL-4 and IL-10/TGF-ß poles, denoting distinct remodeling programs. These data establish an ontogeny-dependent divergence at the transcriptomic level. Overall design: GM-CSF–derived macrophages were stimulated with IL-4, IFN-?, IL-10, TGF-ß, or left untreated (control). Bulk RNA-seq was performed on five biological replicates per condition.