Multi-sector Rapid Needs Assessment and Post-Distribution Monitoring of Cash-Based Intervention October 2020 - Thailand

Abstract
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The second round in 2020 of the Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA)/Cash-Based Intervention Post-Distribution (CBI PDM) Monitoring Household Survey was conducted in Thailand from October to November 2020. The RNA and PDM were designed as a phone-based survey targeting urban refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand to assess their needs and evaluate the effectiveness of the CBI program in light of COVID-19.

UNHCR Thailand and its partners work to ensure that the protection needs of urban refugees and asylum seekers are met during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having observed increased levels of vulnerability relating to restrictions on movement, loss of livelihood opportunities and access to healthcare, the RNA aims to strengthen the understanding of the situation, need and vulnerabilities of the forced displaced population. This survey focuses on COVID-19 knowledge, experience, behavior and norms, health, education, employment, and access to basic necessities. The findings aim to provide evidence to evaluate and design protection and programme interventions.

Since May 2016, UNHCR Thailand has been using multi-purpose CBI PDM to provide protection, assistance, and services to the most vulnerable refugees in the urban areas. The number of urban refugees approaching UNHCR for financial support has more than doubled since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure that UNHCR's multi-purpose CBI framework for urban refugees in Thailand is effective, the monitoring was conducted simultaneously with the RNA. PDM is a mechanism to collect and understand refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization, and effectiveness of the cash assistance. The findings of the PDM support the assessment of the impact of CBI for urban refugees in Thailand affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the appropriateness of funding levels, distribution modalities and the use of cash to support refugees.

Geographic coverage
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The survey covers all urban refugees and asylum seekers.

Analysis unit
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Households

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The two parts of the survey were sampled differently as their sampling universe differs. Both samples were drawn from UNHCR's registration database:

1. Post-Distribution Monitoring: The total number of beneficiaries households of Cash-Based Interventions in April 2020 was 5,124. For this part of the survey (CBI PDM), a random sample of 122 refugee households was drawn from all vulnerable urban refugee households registered to receive cash assistance.
2. Rapid Needs Assessment: In addition to the 89 sampled households, who were also answering this part of the survey, a random sample of 91 households, who were not receiving cash assistance, was selected from all urban refugees and asylum seekers registered with UNHCR (5,286).

Sampling deviation
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There were some language barriers for some groups that were intended to survey during the RNA/PDM, in particular Vietnamese Montagnard refugees, who could not speak Vietnamese. Also, a Jarai interpreter, who has experience in translating surveys for UNHCR in Thailand was not able to translate the survey. Eventually, these sampled households were dropped and replaced with respondents, who could speak Vietnamese. It is worth noting that there is a large portion of Vietnamese Montagnard, who cannot speak Vietnamese among the urban refugee and asylum seeker population in Thailand (up to 30%). In addition to the described language barriers, few Vietnamese Montagnard refugees also were not able to respond to interview questions due to health issues.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Response rate
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The number of cases that could not be reached was slightly higher (18%) in comparison to what was initially planned (10-15%), which was attributed to the COVID-19 situation. Among the cases which refused to be surveyed, half of them cited that they had already been interviewed during the May 2020 RNA-PDM exercise and could not foresee any benefits of participating in a second survey. Others reported that the interview duration was too long and in a few isolated cases, that they could not participate due to work commitments.

摘要
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2020年，泰国于10月至11月进行了快速需求评估（RNA）/现金援助干预后监测（CBI PDM）家庭调查的第二轮。RNA和PDM作为基于电话的调查，旨在针对泰国的城市难民和寻求庇护者，评估他们的需求并评价CBI项目在COVID-19背景下的有效性。

联合国难民署泰国办事处及其合作伙伴致力于确保城市难民和寻求庇护者在COVID-19大流行期间得到保护需求满足。鉴于观察到与流动性限制、生计机会丧失和医疗服务获取相关的脆弱性水平上升，RNA旨在加强对于被迫流离失所人口现状、需求和脆弱性的理解。此次调查侧重于COVID-19知识、经验、行为和规范、健康、教育和就业，以及基本必需品的获取。调查结果旨在为评估和设计保护及项目干预措施提供证据。

自2016年5月起，联合国难民署泰国办事处一直在使用多功能CBI PDM，为城市中最脆弱的难民提供保护、援助和服务。自COVID-19大流行开始以来，寻求联合国难民署财务支持的城市难民数量已翻了一番多。为确保联合国难民署在泰国城市难民中的多功能CBI框架有效，监测工作与RNA同时进行。PDM是一种收集和理解难民对现金援助质量、充足性、利用率和有效性的反馈的机制。PDM的结果支持了对受COVID-19大流行影响在泰国的城市难民CBI影响评估，以及资金水平、分配方式和现金用于支持难民使用的适宜性的评估。

地理覆盖范围
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调查涵盖了所有城市难民和寻求庇护者。
分析单元
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家庭
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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由于抽样总体不同，调查的两个部分采用了不同的抽样方法。两个样本均从联合国难民署的登记数据库中抽取：
1. 分发后监测：2020年4月现金援助干预的受益人家庭总数为5,124户。对于调查的这一部分（CBI PDM），从所有注册接受现金援助的脆弱城市难民家庭中随机抽取了122户难民家庭。
2. 快速需求评估：除了回答此部分调查的89户抽样家庭外，还从所有已登记的、未接受现金援助的城市难民和寻求庇护者中随机选择了91户家庭（5,286户）。
抽样偏差
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在RNA/PDM期间，部分调查对象因语言障碍而无法参与调查，尤其是越南高地难民，他们不会说越南语。此外，一位有经验的贾莱语口译员，他曾为泰国联合国难民署翻译调查，未能完成翻译工作。最终，这些抽样家庭被剔除，并由能说越南语的受访者替换。值得注意的是，在泰国城市难民和寻求庇护者中，有相当一部分越南高地难民（多达30%）不会说越南语。除了描述的语言障碍外，一些越南高地难民还因健康问题无法回答访谈问题。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈 [cati]
响应率
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无法联系到的案例数量略高于（18%）最初计划的数量（10-15%），这归因于COVID-19情况。在拒绝接受调查的案例中，其中一半的人表示，他们已在2020年5月的RNA-PDM活动中接受过访谈，并无法预见参与第二次调查的任何好处。其他人报告说，访谈时间过长，在少数孤立案例中，由于工作责任，他们无法参与。