Changes in assembly rules along a stress gradient from open dry grasslands to wetlands

A central issue of community ecology is finding rules that explain the composition and abundance of co-existing species. Nowadays two main processes, environmental filtering and limiting similarity are thought to play the main roles in structuring communities. Their relative importance under different environmental conditions, however, is still not properly clarified. We studied the strength and the effect of environmental filtering (causing convergence) and limiting similarity (causing divergence) in 137 sample plots along an extremely long environmental gradient ranging from open sand grasslands to highly productive marshes, using a trait based approach. The main environmental gradient (i.e. productivity) was characterised by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, an indicator of aboveground live biomass. Cover of the plant species was estimated visually. Values of 11 plant traits were collected from field measurements and databases. Mean and dispersion of the trait values of the...