Urinary and serum kidney biomarker analysis of LRRK2 wild type and knockout male rats.

The average levels of urinary and serum kidney biomarkers are presented (N = 5 male LRRK2 wild type and deficient rats; a two-tailed Student’s T-test was used to assess significance between genotypes; standard deviations of the mean are provided).NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM1: Kidney injury molecule 1; TIM1: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 1; GST-α & -µ: Glutathione S-transferase-α & -µ; TIMP-1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; VEGF-α: Vascular epilethilial growth factor-α.