Global Land Gap-Filling of TROPOMI Tropospheric NO2 and Averaging Kernels

Daily co-derived gap-filled tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities and 34-layer averaging-kernel (AK) profiles over global land at 0.05° resolution from 2018-05-01 to 2025-12-31, derived from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Level-2 retrievals. v2 update: extended through calendar-year 2025 (12 additional monthly archives, 2025-01 to 2025-12); 2025 averaging kernels were produced with the same 1D-CNN model as 2018–2024. Data layout Zenodo (this record): README + sample monthly archives (2018-05/06/07, ~39 GB) for quick inspection. Full archive (~1.19 TB, 92 monthly NetCDF zips for 2018-05 to 2025-12) is hosted on Baidu Cloud due to Zenodo's per-record size limit: Link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1e42XNmKLqVg3hju0eINBFw Extraction code: tro2 Each daily NetCDF file inside a monthly zip contains no2, sigma_no2, ak, sigma_ak, source_flag, plus the coordinate variables time, layer, lat, lon. See README.md for variable definitions, source flag values (0=no data, 1=direct observation, 2=gap-filled prediction), and the uncertainty methodology applied to the companion sigma_* variables.