Differences in the Height of Stump Sprouts of Living Birches between the C. purpureum Strain R53 and Other Treatments.

The effect of different treatments (C. purpureum strain or liquid control (LC)), the basal area of investigated stumps, the number of saplings and the volume of trees around an investigated sapling, and browsing on the maximum height of stump sprouts of birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens) in eight regeneration areas of spruce (Picea abies) three months (in 2011), one year (in 2012) and two years (in 2013) after the treatments (linear mixed model results). Living stumps have been included in the models. Statistically significant p-values (p p ≤ 0.10). The sign of a coefficient indicates whether an explanatory variable has an increasing (+) or decreasing (-) effect on the maximum height of stump sprouts. See Figs. 3c and 4c. Note: the subscript of a C. purpureum progeny relates to the breeding phase (see Table 2).a Liquid control i.e., cut stumps were spread with inoculum medium without C. purpureum.b The best parent stain based on an earlier study [13].c The best progenies from Phase 2.d The best progenies from Phase 3.Differences in the Height of Stump Sprouts of Living Birches between the C. purpureum Strain R53 and Other Treatments.